Late in the disease, after the virus has reached the brain and multiplied there to cause an inflammation of the brain, it moves from the brain to the salivary glands and saliva.
Also at this time, after the virus has multiplied in the brain, almost all animals begin to show the first signs of rabies. Most of these signs are obvious to even an untrained observer, but within a short period of time, usually within 3 to 5 days, the virus has caused enough damage to the brain that the animal begins to show unmistakable signs of rabies.
Extensive studies on dogs, cats, and ferrets show that the rabies virus can be excreted in the saliva of infected animals several days before illness is apparent. Such extensive studies have not been done for wildlife species, but it is known that wildlife species do excrete rabies virus in their saliva before the onset of signs of illness. The excretion of virus may be intermittent, and the relative amount of excreted virus may vary greatly over time, before and after the onset of clinical signs.
The reason there is so much variation in the time between exposure and the onset of the disease is that many factors come into play, including the site of the exposure, the type of rabies virus, and any immunity in the animal or person exposed. Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link. What Is Rabies? Rabies is a rare but serious disease caused by a virus.
It affects the nerves and brain. After a few days, neurological symptoms develop, including: irritability or aggressiveness excessive movements or agitation confusion, bizarre or strange thoughts, or hallucinations muscle spasms and unusual postures seizures convulsions weakness or paralysis when a person cannot move some part of the body extreme sensitivity to bright lights, sounds, or touch Someone with rabies can produce a lot of saliva spit , and muscle spasms in their throat might make it hard to swallow.
What Causes Rabies? Is Rabies Contagious? How Is Rabies Diagnosed? How Is Rabies Treated? Doctors give two shots as soon possible: rabies immune globulin: This provides protection right away while the vaccine starts working. People with a weakened immune system get an extra dose on day How Is Exposure to Rabies Prevented?
To reduce the chances of rabies exposure: Vaccinate your pets. Report stray animals to your local health authorities or animal-control officer. Remind kids not to touch or feed stray cats or dogs wandering in the neighborhood or elsewhere. Teach kids to stay away from wild animals such as bats, raccoons, skunks, and foxes. Rabies transmission through corneal and solid organ transplants have been recorded, but they are also very rare. There have only been two known solid organ donor with rabies in the United States since Many organ procurement organizations have added a screening question about rabies exposure to their procedures for evaluating the suitability of each donor.
Bite and non-bite exposures from an infected person could theoretically transmit rabies, but no such cases have been documented. Casual contact, such as touching a person with rabies or contact with non-infectious fluid or tissue urine, blood, feces , is not associated with risk for infection. Contact with someone who is receiving rabies vaccination does not constitute rabies exposure, does not pose a risk for infection, and does not require postexposure prophylaxis.
Rabies virus becomes noninfectious when it dries out and when it is exposed to sunlight. If you or your child are bitten or scratched by an animal, wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water, rinse it with antiseptic, and immediately seek medical care.
After the bite of an infected animal, Rabies symptoms may take weeks, months, or in some cases, years to appear in humans this is known as the incubation period. The length of time before symptoms appear can vary based on where you were bitten arm, leg, face, etc. The long incubation period of Rabies can make diagnosis and treatment difficult because patients may assume no infection occurred until symptoms develop — at which point the disease becomes fatal.
If you suspect you were exposed to the Rabies virus, always seek prompt medical care and vaccination. The Rabies vaccine is administered in a series of vaccines, which can be given before potential exposure as a preventive measure or after a bite from an infected animal. Depending on whether you were vaccinated before exposure or not will determine what set of Rabies vaccines you require after a bite or a scratch:.
The World Health Organization recently released revised Rabies vaccination guidelines that support a condensed vaccination schedule and dosage. The new schedule is proven to provide adequate protection and reduces the cost of vaccination. HRIG is highly delicate and expensive. It is made from the donated blood plasma of people who have been vaccinated against Rabies. It provides immediate immunity until the Rabies vaccines can begin to provide long-term protection after about 7 days.
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