Some of Gaozu's subjects expressed objection because they felt that Xiao He did not fight on the battlefield so his contributions should not be the greatest. Gaozu replied that Xiao He should receive the highest credit because he drafted their overall strategy in their war against Western Chu. He named Cao Shen as the person who made the greatest contributions on the battlefield and rewarded Cao and the others accordingly.
Gaozu disbanded his armies and allowed his soldiers to return home. He granted freedom to those who had sold themselves into slavery to avoid hunger during the wars. Gaozu also privatised the coinage. In his early days, Gaozu disliked reading and regarded Confucianism with contempt. After he ascended to the throne, he retained the same perspective towards Confucianism as before until he was enlightened by the scholar Lu Gu.
Lu Gu read each volume to the emperor after he finished writing it. Gaozu was deeply impressed. Under Gaozu's reign, Confucianism flourished and gradually replaced Legalism which dominated the Qin dynasty as the state philosophy.
Confucian scholars, including Lu Gu, were recruited to serve in the government. Gaozu also introduced reforms to the legal system, relaxing some of the laws inherited from the Qin dynasty and reducing the severity of certain penalties. In BC, after suppressing Ying Bu 's rebellion, Gaozu passed by Shandong, where Confucius was born, and personally prepared for a ceremony to pay respect to the philosopher. He felt that Liu Ying , his heir apparent who was born to the empress, was too weak to be a ruler, so he had the intention of deposing Liu Ying and replacing him with another son, Liu Ruyi , who born to Concubine Qi.
In BC, after Gaozu returned from suppressing Ying Bu 's rebellion, his health worsened and he desired even more to change the crown prince. Zhang Liang tried to stop him but was ignored, so Zhang retired from state affairs on the excuse that he was ill. Zhou Chang said, "I'm not good in arguing, but I know that this is not right. If Your Majesty deposes the crown prince, I won't follow your orders anymore.
Gaozu laughed. Following that, the Four Haos of Mount Shang showed up in the court. Gaozu was surprised to see them because they had earlier declined to serve in his government. The four men promised to help Liu Ying in the future if he were to remain as the crown prince. Gaozu was pleased to see that Liu Ying had their support so he dismissed the idea of changing his heir apparent. After establishing the Han dynasty, Gaozu appointed several vassal kings to help him govern his empire and granted them fiefs spread throughout the land.
However, later, Gaozu became worried that these kings might rebel against him because they were not from his own clan. Han Xin and Peng Yue were accused of treason and were executed by him. Ying Bu and Zang Tu did rebel against him but failed in their attempts and were killed.
Only Wu Rui and Zhang Er were left in the end. The Xiongnu in the north had posed a threat to China since the Qin dynasty. Qin Shi Huang had sent Meng Tian to lead the defence of the Qin Empire's northern border and oversee the construction of the Great Wall to repel the invaders. Meng Tian achieved success in deterring the Xiongnu from advancing beyond the border. However, after the Qin dynasty collapsed, the Xiongnu used the opportunity to move south and raid the border again.
In the following year, Gaozu led an army to attack the Xiongnu but was besieged and trapped by the enemy in Battle of Baideng. Acting on Chen Ping 's advice, Gaozu bribed Modu's wife with gifts and asked her to request her husband to lift the siege.
Modu did so. After returning to his capital, Gaozu initiated the policy of heqin , which involved sending noble ladies to marry the Xiongnu chieftains and paying annual tribute to them in exchange for peace between the Han Empire and the Xiongnu.
Gaozu was wounded by a stray arrow while he was attacking Ying Bu. He became seriously ill and remained in his inner chambers for a long period of time and ordered his guards to deny anyone entry. After several days, Fan Kuai barged into the chambers to see Gaozu and the other subjects followed behind him. They saw Gaozu lying on his bed, accompanied by only a eunuch. Fan Kuai said, "How glorious it was when Your Majesty first led us to conquer the empire and how weary we are now.
Your subjects are worried when they learn that Your Majesty is ill, but Your Majesty refuses to see us and prefers the company of a eunuch instead. Has Your Majesty forgotten the incident about Zhao Gao?
When Gaozu enquired about his condition, the physician told him that his illness could be cured, but Gaozu was displeased and he scolded the physician, "Isn't it Heaven's will that I managed to conquer this empire in simple clothing and with nothing but a sword?
My life is determined by Heaven. It is useless even if Bian Que was here! He also said that Wang Ling might be too young to perform his duties so Chen Ping could assist Wang, but Chen was also qualified to assume the responsibilities by himself. Nevertheless Liu Bang, the King of Han, immediately started a war against whom he perceived as a usurper.
Although Liu Bang was militarily inferior and was often defeated by Xiang Yu in the first years, he disposed of the ability to make use of competent advisors. In the course of time he could win over one after the other of the kings to side with him against Xiang Yu. Xiang Yu managed to escape but shortly after committed suicide. In the second month of Liu Bang proclaimed himself as emperor of the Han dynasty. The beginning of the Han dynasty can be defined as , when Liu Bang was made King of Han, or , when he became emperor.
The first years of Liu Bang's reign as emperor were characterized by a slow recovery from the long period of wars. A lot of peasants had left their home and wandered around in search for a better life. Post tio Zhang Liang, prezentante donacojn, denove eniris la bankedan tendon kaj informis al Xiang Xu, ke Liu Bang jam foriris.
Liu Bang do senpekigis krimulojn, liberigis sklavojn kaj sendis soldatojn hejmen. En sia juneco Liu Bang estis facilmora kaj malatentis klerulojn. Poste li mortis pro malsano. His temple name was "Taizu" while his posthumous name was Emperor Gao, or Gaodi; "Gaozu of Han", derived from the Records of the Grand Historian, is the common way of referring to this sovereign even though he was not accorded the temple name "Gaozu", which literally means "High Founder".
Liu Bang was one of the few dynasty founders in Chinese history who was born into a peasant family. Prior to coming to power, Liu Bang initially served for the Qin dynasty as a minor law enforcement officer in his home town Pei County, within the conquered state of Chu.
With the First Emperor's death and the Qin Empire's subsequent political chaos, Liu Bang renounced his civil service position and became an anti-Qin rebel leader. He won the race against fellow rebel leader Xiang Yu to invade the Qin heartland and forced the surrender of the last Qin ruler in BC.
After the fall of the Qin, Xiang Yu, as the de facto chief of the rebel forces, divided the former Qin Empire into the Eighteen Kingdoms, and Liu Bang was forced to accept the poor and remote Bashu region present-day Sichuan, Chongqing, and southern Shaanxi with the title "King of Han". Within the year, Liu Bang broke out with his army and conquered the Three Qins, starting a civil war known as the Chu—Han Contention as various forces battled for supremacy over China.
In BC, Liu Bang emerged victorious following the Battle of Gaixia, unified most of China under his control, and established the Han dynasty with himself as the founding emperor. He also initiated the policy of heqin to maintain a de jure peace between the Han Empire and the Xiongnu after losing the Battle of Baideng in BCE. Ia adalah salah satu dari beberapa pendiri dinasti yang muncul dari kelas petani selain Zhu Yuanzhang pendiri Dinasti Ming.
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